My experience of participatory Research and participatory evaluation - not that simple, complicated all the different people might share control, their different agendas etc.

Tension potential for practitioner to be radical, explore knowledge from insider location (although which insiders), but also tendency to be fears about how to "do it right" lead to traditional methods of research.

In England, also tensions about what research counts and the value of practitioner research:

Questions about whether practitioner research is a different creature from other research, tension want to recognize ways it is "different" (though different from what - the academic research is also not monolithic) but if it is different, then does it become not the "real thing" or lesser than the real thing and there is always that problem of who gets the money...?

"A nagging doubt remains. What is the status of this kind of research? For example, do other people working in the field of adult literacy see it as having a value? Does it count?

One answer to this may be: "Yes, it is valuable and interesting, but it is not real research. Perhaps we need another name for this sort of thing." There is a real problem with that answer and it has to do with money. For the most part funding is available for literacy provision and research into literacy provision. The funding for provision and for research tends to come from different sources and as funds get scarcer it becomes more difficult to get funding for any research at all. The small well of funds available for research implementing slightly unconventional methodology is likely to dry us altogether if it is no longer recognised as research at all. Yet as adult literacy work goes on there is an increasing need to reflect on that work, to look at how it is done and how it is experienced by the students. Ideally, some of that reflecting ought to be done by and with people involved in adult literacy as students and tutors.... (Lawrence, 1986)

She goes on to talk about the beginnings of RaPAL (a research and practice network in England)-

The recent Research and Practice in Adult Literacy seminars in England have provided welcome opportunities to open up the discussion about what research is needed but even there, there has been a worrying tendency for the focus to be on things that looked like "proper" research proposals and to ignore or gloss over the difficult but fundamental questions about the role of research in adult literacy. What kind of research do we need? What do we need to find out if what is on offer for adult students is to be made more appropriate and interesting? What do we need to know in order to make the process of working on literacy a productive one for everyone involved in it? (Lawrence, 1986 p. 12)

In 1989 I interviewed David Barton - his account of focus of joint gatherings:

  • lack of communication - practitioners don't know what research is being done,
  • tension, suspicion about university - research not relevant, "wrong" sort of research

Practitioner and teacher research as a challenge to what counts as knowledge,

  • U.S. (from the university) Inquiry-based research: