Canaries in the Mine

I also found the metaphor of people who have experienced violence as like "canaries in the mine"(10) useful for shifting from more pathologized views to approaches that recognize no where is free of violence, there is no safe place to retreat to and heal. Instead, it offers the idea that those who have experienced violence are like the canaries, offering a warning that the levels of violence in society are toxic to us all. It is not they who must return to "normal" and accept future possibilities of violence, but society which must change and reduce the ongoing possibility of violation, particularly for women and children. The concept of living beside trauma, along with the idea of survivors as canaries in the mine, shifts away from the demand to act "normal" and get over it. This invites all survivors, whether learners or teachers, to honour their experience of trauma and impacts on the self, rather than seek to deny and hide them.

These new discourses also allow for an opening to tears and a recognition of their value. In my group, I heard myself and others often saying, "Don't cry." Checking this response to tears with other literacy workers I heard from several First Nations instructors that in their traditions tears are to be valued as life-giving, and a means of honouring the grief and those who are trusted to bear witness to the grief. Other instructors were often aware that they, too, had sought to quell tears in themselves and others. Although they were, on the one hand wanting to recognize the value of tears, they, too, drew on the well-worn phrase "don't cry," when seeking to offer a comforting comment. Yet this comment denies the value of expressing feeling. The concept of honouring traumatized parts of the self is consistent with the Aboriginal tradition of valuing tears. Lewis explains what this shift means to her:

Living beside means acknowledging the traumatized parts of self as they arise in daily life. It means honouring them and giving them space for expression. As soon as I resist and refuse these parts of myself, I quickly move back into relationships and a sense of self that reflect past patterns of survival. When I honour the trauma, I gain the flexibility to move into different parts of myself to create new possibilities. (Lewis, 1999:120)

Over to You....

  • Do any of these discourses of violence sound familiar to you?
  • Do you have examples of how they block or enable to take up issues of violence in literacy?
  • Do you hear other discourses that block or enable?
  • Can you imagine new possibilities for discourses that would enable literacy programs to take up issues of violence?

(10) Thanks to Susan Heald for this concept and for all her help in recognizing the discourses of violence and education.